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Author Topic:   How DID the brits win the battle of Britan
71hemicuda
Pilot
posted 08-25- 06:08 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for 71hemicuda   Click Here to Email 71hemicuda     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
With the Hurricane as there interceptor you guys figure out what I am talking about an post back.

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Werner Molders
JAG
posted 08-25- 06:48 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Werner Molders   Click Here to Email Werner Molders     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Interesting question! I've wondered the same thing for a long time and then I picked up "The most dangerous enemy" by Stephen Bungay (ISBN:1 85410 721 6) Fantastic book, very enlightening. I'm two thirds through it right now, and short on time to give you a full answer, but suffice it to say that the BoB wasn't the Luftwaffe's to win, it was the RAF's to lose. Their C&C structure, combined with the undermined structure of the luftwaffe, lack of reserves and their warrior-hero ethos combined to produce more of a stalemate than anything, but a stalemate was a win from the British perspective.

Werner

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Abbeville Field: Dedicated to the SDOE Experience.

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Spanky the Mad Dog
Pilot
posted 08-25- 09:40 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Spanky the Mad Dog   Click Here to Email Spanky the Mad Dog     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote

Well the radar system would be a one major part.

A disorganized plan on the german side.

Good pilots, and you fight harder when your defending your homeland, they knew if they took down that bomber they might save some lives back home.

I would like to say some of the Canadians flying in the RAF were a part of it

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Sunray
Pilot
posted 08-26- 01:42 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Sunray   Click Here to Email Sunray     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Nice to see a young buck interested in real history. No offence intended. I'll help you in any way I can. I've been studying history since I was a lot younger than ya'll.
If you can get a hold of a book called 'Fighter Command. A Study of Air Defence 1914-1960' by Peter Wykeman. Putnam 42 Great Russell ST., London, England. Ebenezer Bayliss & Son Ltd. Trinity Press, Worcester, and London. Published in 1960. There is no ISBN number in my copy but Dewey 358.4 W. Read it! It's tells you everything from what Hugh Dowding did to how radar works.
One of the most important things is the change in the fuel for the Spitfires and Hurricanes. During the Battle of France they used 87 octane fuel. The Yanks gave the Brits 100 octane fuel. Difference of 20-30 MPH at altitude.
What it boils down to is Brit technology and German mistakes/arrogance.

[This message has been edited by Sunray (edited 08-26-2001).]

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semmern
Pilot
posted 08-26- 04:29 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for semmern   Click Here to Email semmern     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
A really good read about BoB is 'Fighter' by Len Deighton. Tells you everything you want to know and then some more.

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Commando
Pilot
posted 08-26- 07:33 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Commando   Click Here to Email Commando     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Britian won basically because the aircraft production was the same or greater than the losses and when their pilots were shot down they could return to action if not dead or seriously injured. A german pilot shot down was lost even if he was uninjured, the German crews lost heart when the numbers of british planes meeting them did not diminish in Sept when according to German High Command the British were down to 100 fighters, they did not know of the greatly increased production (and repairs) that Beaverbrook had achieved. Strangely (or maybe not) the best ratio's of missions to kills in the BoB were achieved by polish and other occupied countries pilots, not by British pilots, revenge is sweet I guess.

[This message has been edited by Commando (edited 08-26-2001).]

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Burkey
Pilot
posted 08-26- 09:03 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Burkey   Click Here to Email Burkey     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Its often stated that the best luck the British had during the battle was when the Germans switched their attack to the cities. this took pressure off the airfields, which where the main targets before then. I've read that the british could only have withstood another few weeks of airfield attacks before the RAF would have be destroyed.

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Burkey
Pilot
posted 08-26- 09:11 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Burkey   Click Here to Email Burkey     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I just heard that during the Nuremburg bombing raid, on a single night, Britain lost 545 pilots, more than during the entire battle of britain.

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Todesvogel
Pilot
posted 08-26- 09:30 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Todesvogel   Click Here to Email Todesvogel     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Like Spanky said, Radar and C2I allowed the Brits to use their limited resources effectively.

And like Burkey said, strategic attacks on the British city(ies) took pressure off the airfields. This enabled the British to reduce their loss rate to a level below the German loss rate.

You could debate whether the Germans build the wrong proportion of aircraft types, ie too many Zerstoerer. However, I believe the wrong types, properly applied in sufficient numbers, could have crushed the British Air Defense.

However, had there been a German landing (without a German A-bomb), the US would have helped the Brits fend off the Germans at all costs.

With a 2 front war, and no A-Bomb, the Germans had no hope of stretching their forces across their ever-expanding perimeter. As the "empire" grew larger, it became increasingly vulnerable to being pierced and undermined. Germany would never have had enough people to support the defense of empire.

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semmern
Pilot
posted 08-26- 12:06 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for semmern   Click Here to Email semmern     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
My thoughts exactly. How in the world (no pun intended) should the Germans spread perhaps 40 million soldiers all over the world, and control 4 billion people? If they had overrun Moscow, by the time they got to Phoenix...err...Irkutsk, they'd have been pretty stretced out over Russia, as would their supply lines, and they would have been pretty vulnerable to a flank attack.

[This message has been edited by semmern (edited 08-26-2001).]

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Werner Molders
JAG
posted 08-26- 02:35 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Werner Molders   Click Here to Email Werner Molders     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
About the airfields issue, I was surprised to learn that actually 40% of airfield raids were on Fighter Command fields, the rest were on Coastal Command and Bomber Command bases, so in that sense the Germans were squandering their effort. Even so, Biggin Hill for instance got raided so many times that every structure on the field was destroyed, but even that didn't stop its use. The C&C bunker was moved to an abandonned butcher shop in a nearby town, pilots and ground crew were billeted in nearby villages, and so long as they could fill in the craters in the field, they were fine. I'm up to 6 september in my readings, and the only noteworthy airbase withdrawal was from Manston, because of the number of unexploded munitions littering the base.

Finding flat places to land wasn't that big of an issue, I mean assuming all FC bases had been hit as badly as Manston (which would have taken longer than the time alotted in the first place), Coastal Command and Bomber Command bases could have been used for spits and hurris. The big issue was the Command and Control structure - without it the RAF wouldn't have been half as effective in intercepting raids continuously from ingress to egress, but the only way to knock that out would be to cut the power to the radar grid (which was done a couple of times to the benefit of Erprobungsgruppe 210) and keep it cut off, and/or destroying the C&C bunkers of which there were a half dozen roughly. The only way to nail those would be direct hits, and the Luftwaffe's bomber force usually operated at or around 15-20k feet. From that altitude it would have been a lucky shot. They had units like Erp.Gr. 210 that were precision experts, but the Luftwaffe didn't even know the bunkers existed, and as demonstrated by one of the Biggin Hill raids (where the bunker was destroyed), within a day or two they were back at 100%, in an ordinary building in an ordinary village. As for knocking out the radar towers themselves, it was possible to do but they were remarkably resilient and there was a lot of redundancy along the south east coast.

I'm no expert on the subject, the above is pretty much a synopsis of the point that the author is making in the book I'm reading, and his argument is very compelling if you read the whole thing and can see the stats not only on planes, but on damage versus impact on operations. Commando's point was the nail in Sealion's coffin though - the Luftwaffe failed even to stall aircraft production while they themselves were having trouble increasing production. Remarkably, it was at the height of allied bombing in 1944 when Speer had finally gotten German industry on a war footing and production jumped dramatically. In 1940 however, the German government figured it could win the war while still producing plenty of consumer goods, instead of large amounts of munitions and armaments.

Ahem. That was the full answer I wanted to type to begin with.

Werner

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Abbeville Field: Dedicated to the SDOE Experience.

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Jerry
Pilot
posted 08-26- 04:08 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jerry   Click Here to Email Jerry     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
You guys are all ignoring the political issues.

Britain was never a serious threat to Hitler's real ambition which was to defeat Russia. Hitler wanted to contain Western Europe (the continent) before he invaded Russia so as to avoid a 2 front war. He went after Britain directly only after Goering convinced him it could be done easily. When it became obvious that the RAF could not be defeated easily Hitler turned his attention East, figuring he didn't have to worry about a two front war since there was no way Britain could invade German territory. To his thinking, by the time Britain and the US were strong enough to threaten "Fortress Europe" that Russia would be defeated and again Germany would only have to worry about a one front war. At that time he could seriously reconsider bringing England to her knees, but early in the war he didn't think she was enough of a threat to delay his Eastern Campaign. He knew that Russia was the real threat to Germany and the Russians proved him right. Bottom line...if Hitler had really wanted to defeat England at all cost he could have, but he had bigger fish to fry. This is to take nothing away from the accomplishments of the Battle of Britain. The Brits and their allies forced Hitler to reconsider his attacks on them and forced him to make some serious strategic mistakes which ultimately lead to Germany's defeat. But they really didn't defeat Germany in the Battle of Britain. They defeated a battle plan.

Britain was Germany's Vietnam. Germany underestimated the resistance the Brit's would put up. Germany had the might to win but not the political will. It wasn't worth the cost in the big picture.

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Pachy
Pilot
posted 08-26- 04:52 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Pachy   Click Here to Email Pachy     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Hey, how strange, I agree with Jerry. I think it's a political issue.

It seems Hitler did not have a clear idea of what it wanted to to with Great Britain. And the organization of his armies reflected that. The Wermarcht was designed to invade continental Europe and France was supposed to be the main threat. But attaining the superiority at sea was never a priority (the German navy was weak compared to the British and French fleets, despite a few big capital ships), and air superiority only existed over the battlefield (no true strategic bomber in the German arsenal, for example).

Another thing to remember is that the Luftwaffe had sustained heavy losses in May-June 1940 (about 1300 planes in I remember well, including losses over Norway). Even for the Luftwaffe's unmatched strenght at the time, that's a lot. At the same time the RAF was preserving its best fighter squadrons for their defense.

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Smokey
Pilot
posted 08-26- 04:58 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Smokey   Click Here to Email Smokey     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Does anyone know if Hitler ever stated what
his ultimate goal was? I've wondered about
this before. Suppose he did conquer every-
thing he set out to conquer. Belgim, France,
England, Italy, North Africa and Russia. How
did he ever think he could hold all of this?
Or did he ever think that far ahead? Just
curious. This subject was breifly touched on
above and it is something I have always
wondered about.

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li'l bastard
Pilot
posted 08-26- 05:12 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for li'l bastard   Click Here to Email li'l bastard     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
well, the idea of th control of the world was effectively difficult, but not impossible (that's why he went for the Axis).
He had a coupla good intuitions, like the massive tank production and the blitzkrieg, but don't forget he was a carismatic leader, and that's what germans were desperately looking for, he lost the war just because he was surrounded by the wrong men, while the good ones were erased soon (think about Rommel, Von Ribbentrop or Guderian), but he was a fool and made a coupla mistakes that fortunately saved us: during the operation Barbarossa he lost three weeks to occupy the Dnepr carbon mines, wich were useful but could be put on hold for a while). Nother mistake was the BoB wrong bombing strategy, or the use of the Me262 as bombers instead of fighters...
Whew! Let's say we all have been lucky guys!

li'l b

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Werner Molders
JAG
posted 08-26- 05:59 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Werner Molders   Click Here to Email Werner Molders     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Hitler had stated that Germany and Britain were not natural enemies. Remember that Churchill wasn't terribly popular in his own government even, but while Halifax was the King's choice for Chamberlain's replacement, after two weeks of backroom politickery, Churchill came out on top (I can go back to the chapter on this in my book if you are interested in the details). Hitler knew that there were many people in the British political ranks who either a) favoured appeasement for the sake of self-preservation or b) did not themselves object to the new order (bear in mind that the atrocities of the holocaust were not known to everyone in power at that time!! I'm not saying the british were complicit!) because it replaced a lot of political turmoil in the region. Hitler's hope was to turn the british people and government against Churchill in hopes that a Halifax or Chamberlain type would replace him. This confused the battle's strategy as was pointed out above.

lilB - lucky indeed.

WM

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Abbeville Field: Dedicated to the SDOE Experience.

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Todesvogel
Pilot
posted 08-26- 08:47 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Todesvogel   Click Here to Email Todesvogel     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I thought Hitler's objectives stated in "Mein Kampf" were:

1. Create a perfect world order run a "pure" "aryan" master race.

2. Liebens raum (i.e. exterminate everyone occupying fertile land that could be owned by member of the master race).

I am guessing Hitler that wanted to do to non-Germanic peoples what the Europeans did to Natives of North and South America. Crush and subjugate.

[This message has been edited by Todesvogel (edited 08-26-2001).]

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Da Jug head
Pilot
posted 08-27- 10:38 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Da Jug head   Click Here to Email Da Jug head     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Werner's comments about thepolitics inside the Luftwaffe are right on, as are a couple others.

But, you guys have missed 2 technical issues that had a profound effect.

1) The luftwaffe was designed from the ground up as a TACTICAL air force (They had Junkers make the JU-88 capapble of dive bombing before they'd accept it for cryin out loud). It wasn't equipped for a strategic campaign. Bomb loads were too light, bomber armament was lacking, etc. The max range of German bombers made it easy for the UK to move aircraft production out of the target area.

2) On deeper raids, the 109E, which which was not designed for strategic bomber escort, could only stay over London for about 10 minutes before having to turn back from low fuel. I've seen some books put the number as low as 5. Escorts leave- bombers are easy prey. Escorts low on fuel that need to conerve it on their way home and get bounced need to either run away in a fairly straight line (easy target), or fight and then ditch. Not good options

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